Learn anatomy and physiology muscles upper limb with free interactive flashcards. Surface markings of the upper extremity human anatomy. There are 4 main groups of bones in the upper limb, the bones of the shoulder girdle, upper arm, forearm, and the bones of the hand. Some are 3d views of the bones, vectorised with adobe illustrator, while others are diagrams and some are digital paintings produced with adobe photoshop. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, biceps muscle. In human anatomy, the upper limb also called the upper extremity refers to the region distal to the deltoid. Electrodiagnosis of brachial plexopathies and proximal upper. Normal and sonographic anatomy of selected peripheral nerves. Anatomy of the upper limb introduction general considerations brachial plexus 2. Structure edit in the human body the muscles of the upper limb can be classified by origin, topography, function, or innervation. Mnemonics are highly recommended for written and spot tests. The most common site of fracture of the clavicle is.
The anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunk combine to form the lateral cord. This plexus is made by the merging of the anterior rami from the lower four. The upper limb teachmeanatomy making anatomy simple. It comprises of highly detailed and wellversed chapters on the bones of upper limbs as well as the pectoral region, scapular region, the forearm and the anatomy of the hand, joints of upper limbs and so on. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Bd chaurasiya human anatomy volume 1 pdf upper limb and thorax this book covers a vast portion of the upper body anatomy. Vishram singh preface to the first edition this textbook on upper limb and thorax. All types of exam questions on anatomy of upper limb enumerate, short notes, long questions, draw labelled diagrams and applied anatomy questions. James pickering will introduce you to upper limb anatomy. Pdf the upper extremity ue is comprised of its associated muscles, nerves, and vessels, organized into anatomical compartments. Gross anatomy bones of upper limb and muscle attachments.
Due to his regular use of various modern learning tools, he was awarded the title of most innovative teacher of the. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, veins statpearls ncbi. Frolich, human anatomy,upprlimb upper limb what is a limb. The muscle is composed of a short head caput breve and a long head caput longum. The humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. Dr roisin kellylaubscher, lecturer in anatomy and physiology, university of cape town. Upper limbs are connected to the external part of the necks inferior part. These provide skeletal support as well as being the site of origin and attachment for the many muscles to act as leverage points. The 30 bones of each upper limb are illustrated in figure 1. Among the sixty upper limbs, variations were found in three separate limbs. This study was carried out in 60 upper limbs of 30 formalin fixed human cadavers in the department of anatomy, kapv government medical college, trichy, tamilnadu, india. The 4 major parts of the lower limb are summarised in table below.
In an anatomical study 140 upper limb specimens of 70 cadavers 35 males and 35 females were used and anatomical. The basic structure of the lower limb is quite similar to that of upper limb, but its changed to support the weight of the body and for locomotion. Would be good if some of the longer tutorials were kept a bit shorter, e. Bd chaurasia human anatomy pdf free download all volumes. Discuss the various common injuries and clinical signs of damage to the upper limb nerves 5. Pdf kinematic models of the upper limb joints for multibody. Annie, a 5 year old, was playing with her bros when one pulled her arm hard. The only muscles of the upper extremity which occasionally require definition by surface. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the brachial plexus its. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, arm structure and function. There is a growing need for knowledge of the anatomy of the veins in the upper limb that can. Bones and joints of upper limb regions bones joints shoulder girdle clavicle scapula. The upper extremity or arm is a functional unit of the upper body.
Click now to study arteries, veins and nerves of the upper limb at kenhub. In order to thoroughly understand its structure, the anatomy of the upper limb is broken. The axillary vein and its tributaries are not in the mirror. Articles here youll find a range of short articles on basic anatomy and physiology topics, complete with a few test yourself questions for each one.
Anatomy of the upper limb almustansiriya university. This course will cover the upper back and scapula, pectoral region, axilla and brachial plexus, and detailed anatomy of the. The bones and muscles of the lower limb are larger and stronger than those of the upper limb, which is necessary for the functions of weightbearing and balance. The spinal nerves from c5 to c8, together with the t1 thoracic spinal nerve, join together to form the brachial plexus. These nerves continue into the upper limb to provide innervation to the. In human anatomy, the upper limb also upper extremity refers to the region distal to the deltoid. This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. The biceps brachii is a large, thick muscle on the ventral portion of the upper arm.
Observations in the left upper limb of a male cadaver, aged. Upper trunk formed by the joining of roots c4,c5,c6. Explain the pattern of motor innervation to the forearm 6. The medial and lateral intermuscular septa pass to the medial and lateral supracondylar ridges of the. Spinal cord and spinal nerves flashcards from leigh rothgebs gwu class online, or in brainscapes iphone or android app. Describe the different kinds of upper limb fractures.
The axillary sheath investing the neurovascular bundle in the axilla is continuous in the posterior triangle of the neck with the. Upper limb anatomy encompasses the anatomy of the shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand. Functional anatomy and existing kinematic models will be described and assessed, first for the shoulder. This is a subcategory of anatomy, listing articles relevant to the anatomy of the upper limb in humans category. Thirty bones in total make up the structure of the upper extremity.
These images were created using data obtained from medical imaging ct, mri, xrays. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Our lower limbs carry us, allow us to push forward, and also keep us standing still. The lower limb is designed for weightbearing, balance, and mobility. Name the muscles in the diagrams below, using the list underneath. Many fractures result from a hard fall onto an outstretched hand. These mnemonics contain theory on all structures of the upper limb including muscles, blood supply, innervation, internal structures and more. This paper proposes an overview of the different upper limb models available in the literature and.
This summary on the gross anatomy of the upper limb is done in the form of mnemonics according to the theory from grays anatomy for students. The brachiocephalic vein from each upper extremity will merge to form the superior vena cava. Id muscles of upper limb and groups where they belong 2. With respect to the coracoid process of the scapula, a. Clinical anatomy of nerve affect upper limb muscles special diagnostic tests. Original research article a study of upper limb muscle. Upper limb ppt free download as powerpoint presentation. Fractures of upper limb bones due to our constant use of the hands and the rest of our upper limbs, an injury to any of these areas will cause a significant loss of functional ability. Jan 21, 2020 illustrations of the anatomy of the upper limb. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, hand compartments. The upper limb wiki was created in 2010 as part of an anatomy and physiology class project for 1st year physiotherapy and occupational therapy students at the university of cape town. The brachial plexus sections branches teachmeanatomy. The term upper arm is redundant in anatomy, but in informal usage is used to distinguish between the two terms.
Damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus excessive downward traction of the arm during birth, which can tear the upper trunk at its root. The brachial plexus is a complex anatomical network of nerves that mainly supplies the upper limb. List origin, insertion, action and innervations of the upper limb muscles. Images and pdf s just in case you get tired of looking at the screen weve provided images and pdf files that you can print out and use for offline practice. Upper limb and thorax that of hand is far more than the. Choose from 500 different sets of anatomy and physiology muscles upper limb flashcards on quizlet. Variations in the morphology of the upper limb muscles are not uncommon. The axilla, cubital fossa, extensor tendon compartments, carpal tunnel and anatomical snuffbox. The muscle is composed of a short head caput breve. Abductor pollicis longus brachioradialis extensor digiti minimi flexor digitorum superficialis anconeus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum flexor pollicis longus. Request pdf anatomy of the deep fascia of the upper limb. So we are going to look at the surface anatomy of the shoulder, the arm, the forearm and the hand, all of these regions making up the upper limb. A properly trained electromyographer can combine sensory and motor nerve conduc. Arm compartments and muscles the arm is surrounded by a layer of deep fascia that encloses its contents like a sleeve and sends septa between the muscle groups to facilitate their gliding on each other.
Pdf the biceps brachii is a large, thick muscle on the ventral portion of the upper arm. Sometimes the clothing and the layers of thoracic wall combine to form a. This study was carried out in 60 upper limbs of 30 formalin fixed human cadavers in the department of anatomy, kapv government medical college, trichy. Sensory to upper limb making it move bones and joints muscles and nerves vascular supply surface anatomy muscle study hint 2. It articulates proximally with the glenoid via the glenohumeral gh joint, and distally with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint. Pickering is a professor of anatomy and has written various publications in the field. Start studying anatomy spot test upper and lower limb muscles. Once the anterior and posterior divisions have entered the axilla, they combine together to form. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, brachial artery. The axilla is a pyramidal shaped anatomical area which gives passage for neurovascular structures, such as the brachial plexus and axillary vein, to enter and leave the upper limb. The lower limb joins the pelvic girdle in the hip joint.
This cuts off the suprascapular and subclavius completely, as well as most of axillary nerve. This anatomy section promotes the use of the terminologia anatomica, the international standard of anatomical nomenclature. The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, and hand. The large vessels and nerves to the upper limb pass posterior to the convexity of the clavicle.